Fraud Advisory Services

It appears that the toy retailer Toys R Us is the latest big business to demonstrate how easy it is for the fraudster to attack if simple anti fraud prevention methods are not observed. Embezzlement master Paul Hopes stole some £3.7 million from the toy giant in 14 sums ranging from £101,000 to £350,000 at a time.

Over a period of around three years beginning in 2005, Hopes raised fictitious invoices for Far East toy suppliers so that he was able to arrange payment into accounts that he controlled. Yes it was as simple as that! He was a company accountant of some 23 years and the company had complete trust in him. They did not expect him to be a fraudster and therefore clearly allowed him to override any semblance of controls that should have prevented the theft.

Hopes wife of 36 years did not suspect anything. She has been devastated by the revelation that her dull dependable husband had stolen money from his employers to fund a lavish lifestyle including prostitutes and high living in the City.

Hopes will probably spend up to 8 years in jail and have a criminal confiscation of assets order made against hime that will wipe out everything he owns. In addition, Toys R Us is now attempting to recover any money that hasn’t been spent through civil asset recovery. This will mean targeting the family home and assets that Hopes may have transferred to his unsuspecting wife.

The American company has more than 1,500 stores in 33 different countries, with its New York outlet being the biggest toy shop in the world. It is surprising that such a large organisation did not have the basic anti fraud controls in place to stop this simplest of thefts! How much would it cost to implement a system of supervision and review, account vetting and credit limit monitoring? The cost of implementing and regularly reviewing such a system would be a lot less than the final bill to Toys R Us for this escapade. It was not even the company’s systems that discovered the fraud, which merrily escaped both the internal and external auditors for three years running. It was the attention drawn by one of the prostitutes used by Hopes and lavished expensive gifts upon that acted as a whistle blower on the embezzlement.

There is a mature and capable anti-fraud industry that is underutilised by corporations world wide. For a reasonable sum, experts in fraud protection and fraud detection can review systems of the smallest to the largest companies. However, it appears that these concerns would rather spend 10 times the amount investigating even larger losses when the fraudster strikes.

Most fraud experts, myself as a forensic accountant specialising in fraud included, will provide initial advice free of charge that could save you huge amounts in the long run – even if we hope to get your business!

Banks have always been the target of criminals for their very nature is to hold large amounts of money. However, in the 21st century we are not as concerned about bank robbers or bullion heists as about the risk of fraud. Just about every fraud or money laundering activity will need interaction with a bank somewhere along the line. Cash is very difficult to spend in any large quantities but checks and debit/credit cards afford the lavish lifestyles the criminals seek.

Within the bank there is the problem of embezzlement by the staff. Key members of staff are in a position to know the inner workings of the accounting controls put in place to prevent fraud by corrupt members of staff. Corruption could occur by a third party enlisting a member of staff to obtain information of customers accounts. Identity theft and identity fraud are key areas where losses can occur. But id theft and embezzlement is not the prime area of concern in the area of bank fraud.

The need for interaction by the criminals with banks to facilitate their spending of their proceeds of crime gives rise to the issue of anti money laundering controls that every bank must have in place. The bank is effectively tasked with acting as a whistle blower for law enforcement, reporting any suspicious customers or transactions that take place.

Criminals, fraudsters and even terrorists are finding it ever harder to use banks to move their money around the globe. Anti Money Laundering Regulations place restrictions on the ease with which money once was moved. The criminals often turn to fringe banks away from the high street to transact their proceeds of crime in an attempt to escape the gaze of the authorities. Corruption in second tier banks is well reported in the press. For example the Bank of Curacao was closed down at one stage as most of its customers were found to be involved in VAT fraud activities. Companies based in Europe would trade with each other, but the financial transactions were conducted remotely in Curacao. Legitimate looking accounting entries were recorded in the UK, France or Germany or wherever the business was physically taking place.

Other fringe banking systems prone to the attention of the fraudster or money launderer are the money transfer systems that operate world wide. The Hawala banking system is notorious for not leaving any audit trail – transactions between countries at opposite ends of the world conducted by worth of mouth. The word ‘Hawala’ means ‘trust’.

Hawala banking is traditionally used for ex patriot Asians to send money back to their families in Pakistan and India. It uses the transfer of ‘value’ or exchange of debt as one means for moving wealth. Other more formal systems such as Western Union will transfer small sums of cash in the same way, for a price. Both Hawala Banking and some of the transfer businesses such as Western Union have been associated with fraud and money laundering in recent years.

However, a number of more respectable money exchange systems are operating legitimately and taking more and more trade from the large high street banks. PayPal and the Revolution Money Exchange have been carving a growing slice of financial activity in recent years. The allegations of a Revolution Money Exchange Scam reported in 2008 was unfounded and this major USA bank backed organization is probably less prone to bank fraud and corruption than most leading high street banks. Indeed it was probably because the Revolution Money Exchange was paying $25 to new clients opening an account and $10 for each referral brought in that cries of fraud and scam were made. Yet people do not realize that a leading bank such as Lloyds or Barclays might pay $100s and even $1000s to secure a new customer!