Fraud Advisory Services

Prevention is better than cure – would seem to make sense in the case of fraud as it is in the case of your health. Fraud can cause a company to lose a great deal of money, or worse collapse completely. A company collapse due to fraud can be avoided by putting in a few measures that would greatly reduce the risk of fraud can cost far less than this.

The first step to take is for a company to accept that it is at risk from fraud and the attention of the fraudster. Many organisations fail to even accept this, then are surprised to find a black hole in their finances of several £100,000s. They do not believe that any of their trusted staff could be a fraudster. Accepting that fraud is a very real risk is the first stage – deciding that fraud is not acceptable is the next.

A company must tell all its staff, and often customers and suppliers as well, that it does not tollerate fraud. This is the fraud policy. It can be set out in a document which is circulated to all staff. Big corporations will publish a glossy booklet, a small business can photocopy a simple typed page. The important point is to communicate that fraud is not accepted and if discovered, action will be taken. This in itself can have the effect of greatly reducing the risk of fraud happening.

The next critical step in preventing fraud is to ensure that any previous complacency does not creep back in. This means that all systems are reviewed on a regular basis for weaknesses to fraud. Auditors often review accounting controls once a year at the annual audit – this is not enough nor is it frequent enough. Accounting controls designed to keep a financial reporting system working well are not designed for preventing the determined fraudster. For example a control that requires two signatures on a document can easily be circumvented by collusion.

By understanding how an accounting control can be circumvented efficient measures can be introduced to ensure that the risk of this happening is low, and if it should, it will be discovered sooner rather than later. This takes a different mindset to that of an auditor, that of a fraud expert, such as a forensic accountant or fraud investigator is of course ideal.

The need for proper research when seeking a part time business idea from the Internet is  is essential if fraud is to be avoided. No retailer would buy a new business premises or shop without spending £1000s on due diligence investigations. He would get a survey, look at any accounting records for previous businesses and do a business plan based on the research done. Why should you invest time and money trying to start a new business working for yourself without doing the same?
There is no need to spend money employing somebody else to investigate, but there are a lot of simple steps you can take. Here are three of the most basic:

• First – read as much as you can on the subject. You can never do enough research. You will soon realise if a business idea is a scam or fraud. What you want to know is not only will it work, but will it work for you. The research may include surfing the net of course, but look for solid and respectable publications you can pour through. Have one on your bedside with a pack of post its for interesting snippets or chapters. Have a trade journal, print off reports – don’t just rely on marketing hype from your surfing!
• Secondly – once you have ascertained that there is a viable business idea, jot some numbers down. You dont have to be an accountant to see if the business is viable. There is no use paying say £500 for start up costs, having £100 going out every month and spending 10 hours a week on a part time business to make £200 per month. Yes it would pay for itself but is it really worth it. You might have £700 in the bank at the end of the year – on which you ought to be paying tax at your full rate. If it was just a part time business to earn some extra cash, 10 hours a week work for a £10 per week cash return is not great! Often the numbers look ok till you set them out in black and white.
• Thirdly – decide if the particular business is for you. For example Internet Marketing can work if you get it right – but only if you learn, learn, learn about the business and then are able to churn out several 100,000 words of articles every year. Can you learn about a complex subject and then have you the patience to write? – If you can say yes to both, then as the “blurb” says you can build a useful business that needs little maintenance.

As a fraud investigator I see a lot of business opportunities that are clearly frauds and some that simply need a lot of hard graft. I am looking at as many as I can on my dedicated web site to investigate which have potential and which are scams. Read about my daily approach to fraud on my investigators diary blog.

A fraud can be uncovered in a number of different ways. A good example is by a whistleblower who who might inform his managers that a colleague has been fraudulently stealing from the company. Such a corporate fraud will need to be investigated in order to prevent further losses, find out how it happened in the first place and to try to recover where possible any losses that have occurred.

A specialist fraud investigator is needed for such a task and it is very common for the victim company to enlist the assistance of a qualified forensic accountant. Such a person will be accredited to investigate a fraud and may be a Chartered Accountant or a Certified Fraud Examiner with possibly other qualifications together with years of experience dealing with such cases.

Every fraud is different. There are different characteristics to be found between bank fraud, supplier fraud and mortgage fraud. Even within these categories there are many possibilities because the fraudster is very resourceful in seeking out new and different weaknesses in a business.

The investigator will approach the corporate fraud by first determining what the organisation wants to achieve. This might be only to get the money back or it might want to make an example of the fraudster as a lesson to others. If it only wants to get its money back it may not want law enforcement involved as this might disrupt its business or cause its reputation to be damaged. For example a bank might not want the general public to know that it had allowed a fraudster to work in its midst.

The forensic accountant or certified fraud examiner will want to agree the desired outcome of the matter with management and develop an investigation strategy based upon the organisation’s own fraud response plan. It may be possible to interview the whistleblower early on to get a quick “heads up” into what was going wrong before beginning a detailed analysis of the accounting records, interviewing staff and making other enquiries often outside the organisation.

For the actual mechanics of the investigation the forensic accountant will most likely want to follow the trail of the stolen money. “Follow the money” will be the primary goal as this will provide not only a chance of getting the money back, but also evidence of why and how the fraud took place.